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Moshe Merin
Moshe Merin (1905-1943) was the head of the Jewish Community Council, or Judenrat in the Sosnowiec Ghetto in Poland during the Nazi occupation of WWII; it is believed that he perished in the Auschwitz concentration camp.〔(Yadvashem, The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names )〕 As with most Jewish Council members of the time, opinions of his actions or lack thereof are highly controversial.
==Activity During WWII==
After being subjected to a 24-hour physical and mental torture with various other prominent community members, Merin stepped up as head of the Sosnowiec Community Council when the former head remained silent. While it remains unclear whether or not he was on the pre-war council, it is evident that his qualification rested mainly on the fact that he could fluently speak, read, and write the German language.〔Trunk, Isaiah. ''Judenrat: the Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe under Nazi Occupation.'' New York: Macmillan, 1972. 353, citing G.Z., No. 47 (Dec. 31, 1940); No. 1 (Jan. 3, 1941); Paweł Wiederman, op.cit., p. 208.〕 This was the beginning of his career, first as chairman of the Judenrat at Sosnowiec, then as the head (Leiter) of the central office of the Jewish Council of Elders in eastern upper Silesia.〔Trunk, Isaiah. ''Judenrat: the Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe under Nazi Occupation''. New York: Macmillan, 1972. 26, citing Ph. Friedman, op. cit., Bitzaron, No. 5, p. 30; Paweł Wiederman, op. cit., pp. 45-47.〕
He is noted to have been very harsh in his dealings with Jewish opposition groups, including Hanoar Hazioni, Hashomer Hatzair, Gordonia, Poalei Zion, and Hitachdut. Merin, weighing the choices before him, ultimately aided the Nazis in the hunt for leaders of the aforementioned groups, going so far as to sign their execution orders himself.〔Trunk, Isaiah. ''Judenrat: the Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe under Nazi Occupation.'' New York: Macmillan, 1972. 459, citing ''Pinkos Bendin'', pp. 355-357 (facsimile of Merin’s letter to Bezdin Council); Fredke Mazia, Rayim besaar (Jerusalem, 1964), pp. 112-114.〕 He did this with full cooperation of the Jewish Police Force, whose leader fervently defended Merin’s every decision.〔Trunk, Isaiah. ''Judenrat: the Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe under Nazi Occupation.'' New York: Macmillan, 1972. 582-583.〕
Merin's approach was similar to that of Chaim Rumkowski's in that he was convinced that by tying the Jews in his ghetto to labor, some would survive the war. Like Rumkowski's "Give me your Children" speech, Merin attempted to make justifications for the lives he helped to deport by claiming that their sacrifice enabled the survival of those who remained as he stated, "If I have lost only 25 percent when I could have lost all, who can wish better results?"〔Trunk, Isaiah. ''Judenrat: the Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe under Nazi Occupation''. New York: Macmillan, 1972. 422, citing Wiederman, op. cit., p. 25 and ''passim''; according to Wiederman, Merin tried to justify his strategy at a meeting with Rumkowski and Czernikow, held in Warsaw on an unknown date (''ibid''., pp. 89-90); there is no record left of the meeting.〕 it is because of actions such as this that Merin has been depicted as a Nazi collaborator; it is clear that he more often than not reconfigured leadership in his councils, shunning those who opposed him and appointing loyal members, such as his brother-in-law Abraham Gancwajch, to carry out further Nazi orders in Sosnowiec and its surrounding area—he did this on explicit orders in late 1939.〔Trunk, Isaiah. ''Judenrat: the Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe under Nazi Occupation''. New York: Macmillan, 1972. 36, citing ''Sefer Khzhanev'', pp. 255-256, 283-285.〕
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